CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Acute tubular necrosis
Causes [strength of evidence]:
Notes
Cigarette smokers have double the cadmium exposure of non-smokers resulting in 4-5 times higher blood cadmium levels and 2-3 times higher kidney cadmium levels. In nonsmokers, the main route of exposure to cadmium is through the diet. Inorganic mercury salts are most nephrotoxic. Methanol toxicity is due to the formation of formaldehyde and formate metabolic products. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) causes reversible decreased renal function at subtoxic doses. Arsine causes hemolysis and ATN secondary to hemoglobinuria. Toluene has been implicated as a nephrotoxin in inhalation abuse of solvents and glue.
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