CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Hepatocellular cancer (liver cancer)
Causes [strength of evidence]:
- aflatoxin B1 (aflatoxins) [Strong]
- aflatoxins [Strong]
- androgens [Strong]
- ethyl alcohol (ethanol) [Strong]
- hydrocarbons [Strong]
- N-nitrosodimethylamine [Strong]
- vinyl chloride [Strong]
- arsenic [Good]
- bromochloroacetic [Good]
- captafol [Good]
- diclofop-methyl [Good]
- mepanipyrim [Good]
- PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), not otherwise specified [Good]
- propoxur [Good]
- resmethrin [Good]
- thorium dioxide (Thorostat) [Good]
- trichloroethylene (TCE) [Good]
- 1,4-dioxane [Limited]
- 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) [Limited]
- acephate [Limited]
- acifluorfen [Limited]
- aldrin [Limited]
- amitrole [Limited]
- benomyl [Limited]
- benzene [Limited]
- bromacil [Limited]
- bromoxynil [Limited]
- carbon tetrachloride [Limited]
- chloramben [Limited]
- chlorbenzilate [Limited]
- chlordane [Limited]
- chlordimeform/4-COT [Limited]
- chloroform [Limited]
- cyproconazole [Limited]
- DDT/DDE [Limited]
- dibromochloropropane (DBCP) [Limited]
- dichlobenil [Limited]
- dichloropropene [Limited]
- dicofol [Limited]
- dinitrotoluenes [Limited]
- endrin [Limited]
- ethylene thiourea (ETU) [Limited]
- formalin [Limited]
- fungicides [Limited]
- furancarboxamide [Limited]
- furans, not otherwise specified [Limited]
- furmecyclox [Limited]
- halogenated hydrocarbons [Limited]
- haloxyfop-methyl [Limited]
- heptachlor [Limited]
- herbicides [Limited]
- hexachlorobenzene [Limited]
- hydrazines [Limited]
- iprodione [Limited]
- isoprene [Limited]
- lactofen [Limited]
- lindane [Limited]
- metam sodium [Limited]
- methylene chloride [Limited]
- metolachlor [Limited]
- mirex [Limited]
- MTBE [Limited]
- nitrobenzene [Limited]
- nitrofen [Limited]
- nitrosamines [Limited]
- organochlorine pesticides [Limited]
- organophosphates [Limited]
- oxadiazon [Limited]
- oxadixyl [Limited]
- oxyfluorofen [Limited]
- p-dichlorobenzene [Limited]
- PBBs [Limited]
- pentachlorophenol (PCP) [Limited]
- permethrin [Limited]
- pesticides [Limited]
- phenoxyacetic herbicides [Limited]
- prochloraz [Limited]
- pronamide [Limited]
- propiconazole [Limited]
- quizalofop-ethyl [Limited]
- solvents [Limited]
- TCDD [Limited]
- tebuconazole [Limited]
- tetrachloroethylene (PCE) [Limited]
- tetrachlorovinphos [Limited]
- tetrafluoroethylene [Limited]
- tobacco smoke (active smoking) [Limited]
- toxaphene [Limited]
- triadimefon [Limited]
- triadimenol [Limited]
- triallate [Limited]
- uniconazole [Limited]
- vinyl bromide [Limited]
- vinyl fluoride [Limited]
Notes
+ - Group 1 human carcinogen (IARC), # - Group 2A human carcinogen (IARC), ^ - Group 2B human carcinogen (IARC). Note: many chemicals cause liver cancer in laboratory animals and the list here is incomplete. The links to propoxur, to mepanipyrim and to 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) are based on animal studies.
References:
- California Proposition 65
- Cocco, P. et al Cancer Mortality and environmental Exposure to DDE in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108(1):1-4.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
- Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
- Leikin, J.B et al. Selected Topics Related to Occupational Exposures. Part IV. Occupational Liver Disease. Dis Mon 2000;46(4):296-310.
- Lynge, E. et al. Organic Solvents and Cancer. Cancer Causes and Control 1997;8:406-419.
- Prince, MM et al. Mortality and exposure response among 14,458 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Oct;114(10):1508-14.
- Solomon G. et al. Pesticides and Human Health: A Resource for Health Professionals. A peer-reviewed report by Physicians for Social Responsibility (LA and Greater Bay Area chapters) and Californians for Pesticide Reform. 2000. Available on-line at: http:
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