Toxicant and Disease Database
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The CHE Toxicant and Disease Database is a searchable database that summarizes links between chemical contaminants and approximately 180 human diseases or conditions. Diseases and or toxicants can be viewed by utilizing the search options below. See a full description of the database and our methodology.
See also our compilation of other Databases and Resources
For questions or comments about the database, please contact us through our Contact form.
Agent Orange
Diseases linked to this toxicant Grouped by strength of evidence
Good Evidence | Limited Evidence Neural tube defects / CNS malformations |
NOTE: The toxicant–disease relationships shown above were last updated in 2011. The relationships shown here are still valid, but additional research has been conducted since that time. Additional research on this toxicant can be found at this link:
COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE: CURATED RESULTS
This link will direct your search to an external database, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). This database is different from, and complementary to, our database.
More information about sources and methods
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CHE’s Toxicant and Disease Database evaluates existing evidence and categorizes that evidence based on its strength. It is constructed using expert judgment and epidemiological causal inference.
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The CTD, in contrast, is a continually updated resource that presents information on a broad range of literature on chemical-disease relationships. It also provides data on genes, biological processes, and phenotypes related to chemicals and diseases. It does not categorize information based on strength of evidence, include an expert judgment process, or draw causal conclusions about toxicant-disease relationships.
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The link we have provided on this page goes directly to CTD's curated results, which are a subset of the information available through CTD. Curated results in CTD are those for which studies are available on the toxicant-disease relationship.
References for our 2011 disease list
Akhtar FZ, Garabrant DH, Ketchum NS, Michalek JE. Cancer in US Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2004;46(2):123-36.
Carpenter DO, Arcaro K, Spink DC. Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002;110(suppl 1):25-42.
Frumkin H. Agent Orange and cancer: an overview for clinicians. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2003;53(4):245-255.
Giri VN, Cassidy AE, Beebe-Dimmer J, Ellis L, Smith DC, Bock CH, Cooney KA. Association between Agent Orange and prostate cancer: a pilot case-control study. Urology. 2004 Apr;63(4):757-60; discussion 760-1.
Klaassen CD, Ed. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill 2001.
LaDou J, Ed. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 3rd Edition. New York: Lange Medical/McGraw-Hill Company, 2004.
Rom WM. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 1998.
